e., half of the correct responses were “same” and the other half were “different”). When the correct answer was “different”, the color combinations had changed by one color (92% of changes) or two colors (8% of changes). Irrelevant colors blue and green were also equally and randomly distributed in both tasks. All participants successfully completed the CMT-balloon task prior to Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical taking part in the fMRI study with the CMT-clown task. http://www.selleckchem.com/products/i-bet151-gsk1210151a.html Figure 1 Example of sequence presentation and stimuli for color matching

task (CMT)-clown. In a 1-back design, participants indicated in sequence whether or not the present clown had the same or different relevant colors as the previous clown. During training … A total of 24 task blocks (168 task trials) and 24 control blocks were presented. The task blocks were in four successive runs of six 32 sec blocks, each containing

eight stimuli. Each block contained only one difficulty level; all difficulty levels were presented in pseudo-random order within each of the four runs. Total Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical task time per difficulty level was 4 × 32 sec = 128 sec. The top of Figure 1 shows a sequence of task blocks alternating Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical with control blocks. Participants had 3 sec to view a figure and respond, followed by 1 sec interstimulus interval during which a central plus sign (+) was presented. Control blocks were 16 sec long each (Fig. 1). “Control 1” was a fixation cross; “control 2” was four different clown figures colored blue and green

(3 sec each) interleaved by a plus sign (1 sec); and “control 3” was four clown figures as control 2, with a dot appearing at different locations within the clown figure every second to encourage attentional and/or eye movements. Control Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical 2 and 3 were interleaved with plus signs to resemble the main task in visual–spatial features. Control blocks were presented after every task block in a pseudo-random order. Total block time per control type was 128 sec (2 × 4 × 16 = 128 sec), that is, equal to total task time per difficulty. Every run Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical began and ended with a 10 sec presentation of the fixation cross. Accuracy and response times were recorded; secondly items were correct when responded to correctly within 3 sec. Working memory capacity score corresponded to the highest difficulty level reached with 70% accuracy (i.e., 20 of 28) or better, given similarly reliable performance on lower levels (Arsalidou et al. 2010 for details). A proportion correct score was calculated for the CMT that included only task blocks successfully completed with 70% or more correct (i.e., five or more items of seven for each block). Figural intersections task Figural intersections task (FIT) is a task with graded levels of difficulty, established to measure working memory capacity (mental/voluntary attention – Pascual-Leone and Baillargeon 1994), used here as additional behavioral task.