rufifemur colony was confronted with treatment options from intracolonial Cr. modiglianii and an allocolonial Cr. modiglianii, Secondly, a black Ca. rufifemur worker colony was confronted with intracolonial Cr. modiglianii and allocolonial Cr. modiglianii therapy series. Eventually, a red Ca. rufifemur colony was confronted with Cr. modiglianii treat ments through the very same and 3 other colonies, For the Cr. modiglianii assays, we confronted a Cr. modiglianii colony with intracolonial and two allocolonial solutions, Inside the Ca. rufifemur assays, the Cr. modiglianii dum mies were little compared to Ca. rufifemur workers. For that reason, we successively held them in front of 10 single staff that were walking all around during the nest, and categorized each and every individual reactions as peaceful, weakly or strongly aggres sive, Inside the Cr. modiglianii assays, the Ca. rufifemur dummy was held with forceps onto the nest trunk in the plastic box so that many Cr.
modiglianii ants could interact with it concurrently. For the duration of three minutes, each observed interaction was then recorded and classified as above. The observer was not blind to the respective treatments, but was unaware of your hypotheses staying examined. Inside these 3 minutes, continued interactions had been recorded selleck chemicals yet again every 10 sec to supply a lot more fat to extended lasting interactions. This technique is consistent with an earlier review, All differ ent treatments have been tested in haphazard purchase and on different places of your nest trunk. For every tested colony, dummies with pure hexane had been examined as controls. Ten replicates have been carried out per treatment. The aggression minimizing result in the crematoenones was further tested applying a Ca. rufifemur colony and extracts of Crematogaster coriaria and Crematogaster difformis.
For each extract, we compared the aggression in direction of the extracts with and without addition of crematoenones, The Cr. difformis extracts had been fractionated above SiOH in an effort to take out metapleural gland solutions. This was not essential in Cr. coriaria considering that their surface extracts only contained hydrocarbons, From every single bioassay replicate, we calculated the an selleckchem aggression index as i, wherever s is the amount of strongly aggressive interactions, w may be the amount of weakly aggressive interac tions, and i is the complete amount of interactions, The aggression index ranges from 0 to one, We then carried out pairwise com parisons in between every nestmate and non nestmate treat ment for each test series using generalized linear models with quasibinomial error distribution. The effect of novel compound addition was individually examined applying a GLM with quasibinomial error distribution as well as explanatory variables extract species and crematoenone addition. The effect size was determined by likelihood ratio exams, All computations were carried out in R Edition 2.