This regime occurs under the conditions that the optical group refractive index is larger than the low-frequency phase refractive index of the crystal, and the spectral bandwidth of the laser pulse is smaller than the frequency of the phase-matched terahertz wave. In this regime, that can be realized for a Ti:sapphire laser in GaP, terahertz generation is provided by transient processes at the crystal boundaries. We study the peculiarities of the terahertz emission from a slab of GaP excited with a Ti:sapphire laser. In particular, we demonstrate a possibility Alvocidib to

implement a pointlike source of terahertz radiation that can increase the resolution of terahertz apertureless near-field microscopy.”
“Magnetostatic interactions between two end-to-end Permalloy (Ni(80)Fe(20)) nanowires have been studied as a function of their separation, end shape, and width. The change in switching field increases as the wires become closer, with deviations from the switching field of an isolated wire of up to 40% observed. The sign of the change depends on the relative magnetization orientation of the two wires, with higher fields for parallel magnetization and lower fields for antiparallel magnetization. A wire end shape has a strong influence, with larger field variations being seen for flat-ended wires than wires with tapered ends. The micromagnetic modeling

selleck compound and experiments performed here were in good qualitative agreement. The experimental control of switching behavior of one nanowire with another was also demonstrated using magnetostatic interactions.”
“We present the measurements of thermal emittance and response time for a GaN photocathode illuminated with 5 ps pulses at 260 nm wavelength. The thermal emittance was measured downstream of a 100 kV dc gun using a solenoid scan with a wire scanner and a beam viewscreen and was found to be 1.35 +/- 0.11 mm mrad normalized rms emittance per 1 mm rms of illuminated spot size. The response time of

the photoemitted electrons was evaluated using a deflecting mode rf cavity synchronized to the laser pulses and was found to be prompt within the time resolution capability of our setup.”
“Background: Despite advances in surgical techniques, outcomes after spine surgery are highly variable. Recent research has highlighted the importance RG-7112 manufacturer of individuals participating in, and taking responsibility for, their health and recovery. Patient activation, defined as an individual’s propensity to engage in adaptive health behaviors leading to improved health outcomes, has been identified as a potentially important factor in this process. Our goal was to determine the association between preoperative patient activation and functional recovery after lumbar spine surgery.

Methods: We prospectively followed sixty-five consecutive patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery from August 2005 through May 2006.