Objective: The objective was to investigate the effects of substituting GMP food products for the AA formula on acceptability, safety, plasma AA concentrations, and measures of protein utilization in subjects with PKU.
Design: Eleven subjects participated in an inpatient metabolic study with two 4-d treatments: a current AA diet (AA diet) followed by a diet that replaced the AA formula with GMP (GMP diet) supplemented with limiting AAs. Plasma concentrations of AAs, blood chemistries, and insulin were measured and compared in AA (day 4) and GMP diets (day 8).
Results: The GMP diet was
preferred to the AA diet in 10 of 11 subjects with PKU, and there were no adverse reactions to GMP. There was no significant difference in phenylalanine concentration
in postprandial plasma this website with the GMP diet compared with the AA diet. When comparing fasting with selleck compound postprandial plasma, plasma phenalyalanine concentration increased significantly with the AA but not with the GMP diet. Blood urea nitrogen was significantly lower, which suggests decreased ureagenesis, and plasma insulin was higher with the GMP diet than with the AA diet. Conclusions: GMP, when supplemented with limiting AAs, is a safe and highly acceptable alternative to synthetic AAs as the primary protein source in the nutritional management of PKU. As an intact protein source, GMP improves protein retention and phenylalanine utilization compared with AAs. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1068-77.”
“A terpolymer (PAAP) of acrylamide, sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate, and vinyl biphenyl as a hydrophobic monomer was synthesized to obtain a polymeric oil-flooding agent with low molecular weight and application in oil reservoirs with medium to low permeability. The intermolecular selleck screening library self-assembling mechanisms in the PAAP solutions were investigated with a
pyrene fluorescence probe as functions of the polymer concentration, surfactant, and temperature. The hydrophobically associating morphologies of PAAP in an unsalted solution were observed with scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the high Solution viscosity of PAAP was due to the strong intermolecular hydrophobic associations of the biphenyl groups, and the critical association concentration was 0.05 g/dL for the unsalted and brine PAAP solutions. The nonpolarity and association degree in the hydrophobic microdomains were greatly influenced by the polymer concentration. With the addition of the optimum sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate concentration, the interpolymer hydrophobic associations were strengthened remarkably via the connection of the surfactant with biphenyl groups from different polymer chains. The number and sizes of the aggregates increased in the range of 20-50 degrees C. These results demonstrate that the thickening effect of the PAAP polymer in the aqueous solution was due to intermolecular associations of the biphenyl groups. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.