175 strains of Acinetobacter were isolated from different clinical samples. Among 175 strains, 61 were

resistant to imipenem by standard disk diffusion method. Of these 61 strains, 45 showed resistance to imipenem by MIC agar dilution method too. Multiplex PCR results showed, out of total 45 strains of Acinetobacter which were resistant to imipenem by both disk diffusion and MIC agar dilution method, 14 (31%) were positive for NDM-1 gene, 19 (42.2%) were positive for OXA-58 gene and all strains 45 (100%) were positive for OXA-23 gene. Out of 45 strains tested, 9 (20%)strains showed co-existence of all the three genes. 14 (31.1%) strains showed co-existence of NDM-1 and OXA-23.19 (42.2%) strains showed co-existence Selleckchem CB-839 of OXA-58 and OXA-23 ( Fig. 1). Multi drug-resistant Acinetobacter has Panobinostat emerged as a troublesome nosocomial pathogen worldwide. In 1993 acquired OXA carbapenemases was reported for the first time and subsequently after that emergence and spread of OXA enzymes have been reported worldwide. Previous reports have indicated that in UK OXA-23 and OXA-51 are most frequently detected in Acinetobacter. 8 OXA-23 gene is one of the most prevalent carbapenemases-encoding genes reported worldwide, which can be located on chromosome or plasmids. 9 Similarly in this study all the strains were found to be positive for OXA-23. OXA-58 like OXA-23, is globally scattered among Acinetobacter

islates. OXA-58 may be present along with OXA-23 which is responsible for reduced susceptibility to carbapenem group of drugs. NDM-1 metallo-β-lactamase was detected recently among Enterobacteriaceae and also in Acinetobacter baumannii, especially in India and Pakistan. 10 A new recent study in India showed the co-existence of OXA-23 and NDM-1 in clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. 6 and 11 Similarly in our study we observed the co-existence of OXA-23 and NDM-1 gene. We also found presence of all three classes genes in some strains. Hence use of multiplex PCR is quite convincing in simultaneous detection different classes of carbapenemases genes. Even for epidemiologic surveys multiplex PCR technique

may be very helpful and reduce the cost and duration of multiple PCR reactions. With increase in drug resistance in Acinetobacter, resistance surveillance has become increasingly important. Hence both the phenotypic and genotypic methods are important to detect the carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter and techniques like Multiplex PCR would help to monitor the emergence and spread of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter. All authors have none to declare. “
“Lovastatin is one of the widely accepted HMG CO-A reductase inhibitor suggested for prescription by various government healthcare agencies.1 This first identified statin drug faces problem of lower bioavailability due to high lipophilicity and short half life.