2 32.0 ± 9.7 33.7 ± 9.8 Chairtest in seconds (n = 208) 14.0 ± 5.2 13.8 ± 4.4 13.9 ± 5.3 14.3 ± 5.8 Functional limitations (n = 209) 4.3 ± 3.8 4.7 ± 3.8 4.1 ± 3.6 4.2 ± 4.0 Headache episode per year (n = 209) 114.6 ± 129.0 149.1 ± 141.3 74.8 ± 98.1 120.3 ± 133.6 Values are numbers (%) or means

± standard deviations (SD) Short-term intervention effects: intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses Sunlight exposure According to the questionnaire, the median time spent outside at baseline was 120 min in the three groups with no change after 3 months. Hands and face were exposed to sunlight in 98%, and about 40−50% of the subjects exposed forearms to sunlight with no difference between the groups. The sunlight diary was not completed by the subjects with only two exceptions. Biochemistry Serum 25(OH)D level increased significantly in all intervention groups at 3 see more months after baseline compared to baseline level (Fig. 2). At both 3 and 6 months after selleck kinase inhibitor baseline,

the serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly higher in the supplementation groups than in the advised sunlight group. No significant differences were observed between the two supplementation groups. The proportion of participants with serum 25(OH)D < 25, 25−50 and 50−75 and >75 nmol/l at different time points is shown in Table 2. With daily supplementation, serum 25(OH)D was higher than 50 nmol/l in 73.7% of the participants. URMC-099 manufacturer Similar values were observed Thymidine kinase in 47.5% of the 100,000 IU group and 22% of the sunlight group. At 6 months, these percentages were lower than at 3 months. At 12 months, the percentage of participants with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l) was still lower than at baseline, except for the sunshine group. A significant interaction was observed between BMI and the increase of serum 25(OH)D after supplementation. The increase was larger in the 100,000 IU group when BMI was lower than 25 kg/m2 (mean increase with BMI < 25, 25−30, and >30: 47, 30, and 21 nmol/l, respectively). The power was too low for a stratified analysis. Fig. 2 a Serum 25(OH)D, nmol/1 (median, 25th–75th percentiles) in the 800 IU/day group (A), the 100,000 IU/3 months

group (B), and the sunlight group (C). b Serum PTH, pmol/1 (median, 25th–75th percentiles) in groups A, B, and C Table 2 Proportion (%) of participants with serum 25(OH)D < 25, 25−50, 50−75, or >75 nmol/l at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months according to treatment group 800 IU/day, 100,000 IU/3 months or sunshine exposure Group Serum 25(OH)D nmol/l T0% n T3% n T6% n T12% n 800 IU/day <25 66.2 47 7.1 4 11.5 6 37.2 16 25–50 33.8 24 19.3 11 30.8 16 51.2 22 50−75 − − 52.6 30 40.4 21 7.0 3 >75   − 21.1 12 17.3 9 4.7 2 100,000 IU/3 months <25 76.0 54 1.7 1 7.3 4 27.5 11 25−50 18.3 13 50.8 30 50.9 28 62.5 25 50−75 5.6 4 39.0 23 34.5 19 10.0 4 >75 − − 8.5 5 7.3 4 − − Advised sunlight exposure <25 69.2 45 24.4 10 48.8 19 72.7 24 25−50 26.2 17 53.7 22 46.2 18 18.2 6 50−75 4.6 3 19.5 8 5.1 2 6.1 2 >75 − − 2.4 1 − − 3.