A total of 373 healthy volunteers (186 males) participated. Inclusion criteria BGJ398 manufacturer for all participants were normal or corrected-to-normal vision and no history of neurological or psychiatric disease. A group of 163 typically developing children aged 8–17 were recruited through two regular primary schools (‘De Wegwijzer’ in Den Dungen and ‘De Wingerd’ in Tegelen) and one secondary school (‘De Isselborgh’ in Doetinchem) in the Netherlands, and from secondary

schools from the Dublin area in Ireland. All children were recruited as healthy controls for studies on Autism Spectrum Disorders (see, e.g., Kessels, Spee, & Hendriks, 2010; Law Smith et al., 2010). Participation was approved by the local school boards, informed consent was obtained from all children’s parents, and assessment took place individually inside the child’s school. Depending on the study sample and child’s age, intelligence was assessed using Raven’s Coloured or Standard Progressive Matrices (Raven, Raven, & Court, 1998), the Groningen/Netherlands Educational Intelligence tests (GIVO; Van Dijk & Tellegen, 1994; /NIO; Van Dijk & Tellegen, 2004) or the Peabody Picture Vocabulary

Test – Third Edition (PPVT-III; Dunn & Dunn, 1997). A group of 210 adults between the ages of 18 and 75 participated as healthy Selleckchem SCH727965 volunteers in several studies performed

in the Netherlands, Australia, Ireland, and Germany (see for details Montagne, Kessels, et al., 2007; Kessels et al., 2007; Law Smith et al., 2010; Ammerlaan et al., 2008; Rosenberg, McDonald, Dethier, Kessels, & Westbrook, 2012; Kessels, Freriks, De Kleijn, Verhaak, & Timmers, 2010; Wingbermühle, Egger, Verhoeven, Van der Burgt, & Kessels, 2012). For the adults, the number of years of education was recorded and intelligence was assessed in 141 of the 210 adult participants using the National Adult Reading Test (Nelson & Willison, 1991; Schmand, Lindeboom, & Van Harskamp, 1992), the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition (Wechsler, 1997), the PPVT-III (Dunn & Dunn, 1997) or the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (Psychological Corporation, 2001). For all intelligence tests, MCE standardized IQ scores were calculated based on the available normative data (M = 100, SD = 15). Table 1 shows the characteristics for the participants, divided into 11 age groups for presentation purposes. The Emotion Recognition Task is a computerized paradigm in which morphed video clips of facial emotional expressions at different intensities are presented that have to be labelled using a six-alternative force choice response (Montagne, Kessels, et al., 2007), with no time restriction. The stimulus set was developed by the Perrett lab (University of St.