As a result, a popular management solution is to provide visitors with the appropriate information by the use of information

boards, pamphlets and exhibitions (Eastmana et al., 2013 and Priskin, 2003b). Another problematic behaviour that was consistently mentioned was littering. selleck kinase inhibitor A range of management techniques can be used to address this prevalent problem, such as providing education to prevent littering, administering fines to penalise those who litter, and to provide more cleaning and waste facilities (Eastmana et al., 2013). The current findings do not necessarily offer new management techniques but rather provide a starting point on which activities should be given greater priority regarding management solutions. Activity-specific management

techniques are required for the visitors to continue to experience the range of benefits rocky shores offer; however more research is still needed within both the recreational this website uses of this environment and for other uses such as accessibility to the water (e.g. boating). The two studies presented here on coastal experts, coastal users and international coastal academics have extended the existing literature by examining recreational visits in more detail. Using an integrative approach examining both perceived risks to the environment and benefits for the visitor, we found that rocky shores are perceived to have great benefits for the visitor, including improving mood and increasing marine awareness. Additionally, these visits were associated with a number of risks regarding the habitat, stressing that certain activities can have more harmful impacts on the environment than others. There was extensive agreement between coastal experts and coastal users in all aspects. Findings were also comparable beyond the British context. By examining

a range of activities, we were able to deduce which activities were seen to be especially beneficial for the visitors but have the greatest risk on the environment. By examining the two effects together for the first time, this research offers a new approach to understanding and managing the costs and benefits associated with activities Amisulpride in the coastal environment. With our approach we hope to begin a debate that will contribute to sustaining both visitor benefits and the health of the environment in the long term. The research reported here is funded by an Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) interdisciplinary studentship scheme ES/1004130/1). The authors would like to thank Daniel Zahra for his role as the independent second coder for the qualitative data, and numerous coastal experts for their input and support. Special thanks to the Wembury Marine Centre, the National Trust and the 9th International Temperate Reefs Symposium.