Duration of tracheostomy tube ranged from 10 to 19 months, mean 13 months.
Seventy percent (48 patients) required supplementary feeding in the form of nasogastric (NC) or gastrostomy tube. Forty-four patients were successfully managed with a temporary NC tube. One patient required a prolonged NC tube, and three required www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-263.html a gastrostomy tube. Twenty-one (30%) patients were successfully managed with a specialised Haberman bottle. Twenty-four patients (35%) who had their airway managed successfully by positional therapy, still required supplemental feeding.
Thirty-one patients (45%) demonstrated a conductive hearing loss at some stage, which affected their speech and language development. Twenty-four
patients (35%) required tympanostomy tube insertion once, while 7 (10%) of patients required ventilation tube insertion twice or more.
Conclusion: Airway management in the majority of PRS can be successfully achieved by conservative methods. Even in the presence of an adequate airway, many patients will require supplemental feeding. Early audiological assessment is necessary as many patients will need tympanostomy tube
placement to ensure adequate speech and language development. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.”
“OBJECTIVE: To determine whether curcumin reverses the multidrug resistance of human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
METHODS: In a vincristine-resistant cell line of human 3-MA supplier colon cancer, the cell viability of curcumin-treated cells was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Rhodamine123 efflux CAL-101 datasheet was evaluated to detect P-glycoprotein transporter activity,
and expression of the multidrug resistance protein 1 and survivin genes was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. In addition, xenograft mouse tumors were grown and treated with curcumin. The morphology of the xenografts was investigated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The in vivo expression of the multidrug resistance gene and P-glycoprotein and survivin genes and proteins was observed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively.
RESULTS: Curcumin was not obviously toxic to the vincristine-resistant human colon cancer cells at concentrations less than 25 mu M, but the growth of cells was significantly inhibited. At concentrations greater than 25 mu M, curcumin was toxic in a concentration-dependent manner. The sensitivity of cells to vincristine, cisplatin, fluorouracil, and hydroxycamptothecin was enhanced, intracellular Rhodamine123 accumulation was increased (p<0.05), and the expression of the multidrug resistance gene and P-glycoprotein were significantly suppressed (p<0.05). The combination of curcumin and vincristine significantly inhibited xenograft growth.