e., left caudate = 1.36 ± 0.47, right caudate = 1.45 ± 0.62, left putamen = 1.12 ± 0.43, right putamen = 1.26 ± 0.59). In contrast, there was no main effect of the hemisphere (i.e., left, right) (F = 1.1; P = 0.30), nor any region by hemisphere interaction (i.e., caudate, putamen DAT-BPND values × left, right hemisphere) (F = 0.5; P = 0.47). Of note, PD duration was #OSI-906 solubility dmso randurls[1|1|,|CHEM1|]# negatively correlated with DAT-BPND values in the left striatum (left caudate: R = −0.65, P < 0.03; left putamen: R = −0.66, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical P < 0.02) (i.e., patients with longer disease duration displayed significantly lower left striatal DAT-BPND values) while a borderline effect was found in the right striatum (right caudate: R = −0.50, P = 0.09; right putamen:
R = −0.55, P = 0.06) (Fig. 1). Figure 1 Correlation analyses between the average dopamine-transporter (DAT)-binding Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical values for the bilateral striatum (caudate and putamen), and
the duration (in months) of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Please note that due to the extremely close DAT values in the … Overall, these DAT-imaging results revealed Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the typical pattern of dopaminergic degeneration in PD (i.e., greater dopaminergic loss in putamen compared to the caudate) and confirmed previous findings showing that disease duration correlates with the level of dopamine loss in the striatum (Antonini et al. 1995). No main effect of the hemisphere, or a region by hemisphere interaction, was found but this obviously depended on the presence of a
similar number of PD patients with a prevalently left-sided (n = 5) and right-sided (n = 7) disease. fMRI results The ANOVA investigating the main effect of task revealed Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical several regions within and outside ROIs that showed progressively increased activations as a function of the working-memory load (F’sdf(66) > 15, P’s < 0.05, FWE, whole-brain Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical correction) (Fig. 2). Figure 2 Main effect of task. The brain regions shown are those where the BOLD activity progressively increases as a function of higher working-memory loads. The color bar represents F statistics. Maps are thresholded at P < 0.05, family-wise error (FWE), ... The ANOVA exploring the main effect of group (PD-Off, HCs) showed greater activations in the left middle occipital cortex (left: x, −16; y, isothipendyl −100; z, 0; F = 18.23, P < 0.001) and right cuneus (x, 22; y, −90; z, 28; F = 13.72, P < 0.001, uncorrected) in PD patients versus controls. A significant group by task interaction was also detected in the right precuneus (x, 22; y, −82; z, 34; F = 14.63, P < 0.001, uncorrected) and left thalamus (x, −14; y, −28; z, 14; F = 9.05, P < 0.001, uncorrected). These latter findings were driven by increased BOLD response in PD-Off patients versus HCs only during high-load working-memory trials. A significant treatment effect (PD-Off, PD-On) was found in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and left putamen (P’s < 0.05, FWE, svc) (Fig. 3A and B).