Only data from these waves were used for this study. For the useful handbook purposes of this cross-sectional study, we eliminated participants who were not surveyed at these waves. Analyses were conducted on a total of 372 students. There were small school differences in rates of smoking behavior but no differences by school in definitions of smoking typologies. Consequently, results are reported for the total sample, aggregated across both schools. Qualitative data were also collected from a subsample of adolescents (n = 40) randomly selected from participants from School A to provide more information on smoking-related decision making. Included in the interview were questions about adolescents�� definitions of a smoker only as the qualitative interviews were not specifically designed to investigate how adolescents discriminate and classify different types of smokers.

Prior to beginning the face-to-face semistructured interview, adolescents were reminded of confidentiality and were given the opportunity to ask any questions. The interviews lasted approximately 30�C60 min in length and were tape recorded for transcription. Adolescents were given $25.00 for their participation in the interviews. The surveys and interviews were administered in accordance with a human subjects protocol approved by the Committee on Human Research at the University of California, San Francisco. Measures Adolescents were asked to identify characteristics of cigarette use that best defined eight types of smokers: nonsmoker, smoker, regular smoker, addicted smoker, heavy smoker, experimental smoker, casual smoker, and social smoker.

The smoker types and response choices were chosen based on a previous study conducted by Rubinstein et al. (2003), pilot data assessing smoking patterns among adolescents, and evidence from the literature suggesting that these smoker types are commonly used and recognized among adolescents. Smoker Type��Frequency Adolescents were asked to identify the frequency of cigarette use in each of the eight types of smokers. Response categories included never (a), a couple times a year (b), every few months (c), a couple times a month (d), a couple times a week (e), and everyday (f). Smoker Type��Amount Adolescents were asked to define the amount of cigarette smoking in each of the eight types of smokers.

Response categories included 0 cigarettes (a), a few cigarettes per year (b), a few cigarettes per month (c), a few cigarettes per week (d), a few cigarettes per day (e), a half Carfilzomib pack per day (f), one pack per day (g), and two or more packs per day (h). Smoker Type��Place Adolescents were asked to define the place of cigarette smoking in each of the eight types of smokers. Response categories included nowhere (a), at home only (b), at school only (c), at parties only (d), and anywhere (e). Smoker Type��Length Adolescents were asked to define the length of cigarette smoking in each of the eight types of smokers.