S. Caucasian populations. For the African American dataset, the vast majority of haplotypes (90.0%) were assigned to haplogroups L0, L1, L2 and L3; whereas only 2.4%, 4.7% and 2.9% of the haplotypes represent East Asian, West Eurasian and Native American ancestry, respectively. Similarly, 94.7% of the U.S. Caucasian haplotypes in this population sample are of West Eurasian ancestry, with

only minor contributions from African, East Asian and Native American lineages (0.8%, 1.9% and 2.7%, respectively). By contrast, while the majority (60.0%) of the U.S. Hispanic population sample was comprised of Native American selleck kinase inhibitor lineages, West Eurasian and African maternal ancestries were represented in substantial proportions (25.8% and 12.3% of haplotypes, respectively). Comparisons between the population samples reported here and previously published CR-based datasets were made on the basis of biogeographic ancestry proportions, Navitoclax chemical structure as these can typically be ascertained for most haplotypes given CR data alone. Table 4 provides the ancestry percentages for the current study as well as for two previous studies for each of the three U.S. population groups [40], [41], [42], [43], [44] and [45]. For the African American and U.S. Caucasian populations, the proportion of haplotypes reflecting the predominant ancestry is not statistically significantly different between this and previous

studies. However, for the U.S. Hispanic population, the differing proportions of Native American haplotypes across three population samples (this study, [44] and [42]) are significant (p = 0.007). Specifically, the proportion of Native American haplotypes in the U.S. Hispanic population sample reported here differs significantly from that reported in the Allard et al. [42] study (p = 0.008), even after Bonferroni correction for multiple tests. This is most likely due to differences in geographic sampling, which will reflect the substantial regional differences

in the Native American component of a U.S. Hispanic population sample [22]. Along these lines, the proportion of haplotypes representing Native American maternal ancestry in a recently published Southwest Hispanic population sample from Texas (71.7%; [7]) is highly similar to the frequency of Native American haplotypes (70.8%) Roflumilast in the Allard et al. study [42]. In addition to comparisons based on inferred maternal biogeographic ancestry, we also compared the haplotype distribution for the African American population sample reported in this study to that described by Salas et al. [46] in their analysis of an FBI dataset [47]. When using the same haplogroup categories and level of phylogenetic resolution, the composition of our African American sample (Fig. S3) is nearly identical to Fig. 1 in Salas et al. [46], and reflects the predominantly West African, west-central African and southwestern African origins of the mtDNA lineages present in U.S.