Since 2010 and consistent with the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) guidelines, patients without histologic confirmation were included if they had a contrast enhanced study that demonstrated a tumor larger than 1cm with hypervascularity in the arterial phase and till washout in the portal vein or delayed phase. If the findings were not typical, then a second contrast-enhanced study or biopsy was used to Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries confirm the diagnosis [4, 11]. Information on demographics, medical history, laboratory results, tumor characteristics, treatment, and survival data was collected via a clinical interview. Demographic data included age, sex, birthplace, and the patient’s self-reported ethnicity. Ethnicity was categorized as ��White,�� ��Asian�� (including Filipinos), or ��Pacific Islander.

�� Patients who did not fit into one of these categories or were of mixed ethnicity were subsequently classified as ��Other.�� Patients of mixed race with 50% Pacific Islander Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries ethnicity were categorized as ��Pacific Islander.�� Measured height and weight were used to determine body mass Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries index (BMI). BMI �� 35 was a relative contraindication to liver transplants at this center. Patients were asked about the years of education that they completed. Those that reported that they successfully completed the General Educational Development test (GED) were recorded as having finished high school or 13 Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries years of education. We did not have access to information as to whether English was the primary language spoken; however Hawaii has about 25.5% of households in which English is not the primary language spoken compared to 20.

1% for the remainder of the USA [12]. Patients were also asked about their current occupation. This was noted in detail and later categorized into ��White Collar�� including professional, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries semiprofessional, administrative, and salaried workers, ��Blue Collar�� denoting those who perform manual labor, ��Service workers,�� and ��None��. ��None�� also included those patients who were on disability, retired, homemakers, unemployed but looking for work and those who had never been employed. Cases in which there was no information on Batimastat years of education or current occupation were eliminated from this study; thus only 575 cases of the 749 were included. Insurance status was categorized as ��Medicare,�� ��Private�� (includes health maintenance organizations), ��Medicaid�� (any type of state government assisted programs), or ��None.