The intracellular location for these bacteria appears to be a comfortable niche for growth, allowing them to be

more aggressive and more protected against immune response and antibiotics. Although U. diversum is a little studied species, its intracellular location adds this important feature to the understanding of mollicutes and explains their importance in bovine diseases. Methods Ureaplasma diversum and click here cell lines Four isolates of U. diversum and two type-strains, ATCC 49782 and 49783, were studied. Isolates 77 and A203 were recovered from the vaginal mucus of a bovine vulvovaginitis (high passage), and the isolates 10T and S8 recovered from frozen bovine semen previously mixed with antibiotics in an artificial insemination center in Brazil (low passage). The isolates were initially identified with culturing characteristics and specie-specific PCR [26]. The Hep-2 (ATCC-USA CCL-23) cell lines were hosts to ureaplasmas in the present study and were previously certified to be free of mycoplasma by culture and PCR [27]. The cells were cultured in 5% of CO2 at 37°C in Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) containing 2 mM L-glutamine and Earl’s balanced salts, supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum Cult Lab, São Paulo, Brazil). Twenty-four hours prior to mycoplasma infection, Hep-2 cell monolayers were established for 10-20% confluence on 13 mm glass slides, in 24-well micro plates (TPP -

Switzerland), with one ml of MEM medium (Cult Lab, São CB-5083 chemical structure Paulo, Brazil) for analysis by confocal microscopy. The Hep-2 cells used in the present study were analyzed for presence of BAY 1895344 order mycoplasmas by culture and PCR. Labeling Mycoplasma cells www.selleck.co.jp/products/Paclitaxel(Taxol).html The methodology was based on Basemam et al. [28]. The ureaplasmas were first cultured in 2 ml of ureaplasma medium (UB) at 37°C and expanded to 50 ml in the same broth. In a logarithmic growth phase (based in colorimetric changes), the culture

was centrifuged at 20,600 g for 30 minutes at 25°C. The pellets were homogenized by washing twice with PBS and incubated with carbocyanine dye solution (Vybrant™ Dil cell-labeling solution-Dil, V-22885, Molecular Probe, Eugene, Oregon, USA). Two-hundred microliters of Vibrant Dil (diluted at 1:200) were added to 105 – 107 mycoplasma cells in one ml of PBS and incubated at 37°C, for 40 minutes. The number of ureaplasma cells was determined by 10-fold dilution in UB medium and expressed as Changing Color Units/ml (CCU/ml). The labeled bacteria were centrifuged for 10 minutes at 20,600 g, at 25°C, washed twice with PBS, gently homogenized and transferred to the monolayer of Hep-2 cells. Inoculation of ureaplasma on Hep-2 cells [28] The Hep-2 cells at 60 to 70% confluence corresponding to approximately 106 cells/glass slide were selected for ureaplasmal infection. These cells were initially washed with PBS and inoculated with 105 to 107 of labeled mycoplasmas contained in one ml of MEM with 2% bovine fetal serum.