There is a four-fold increase in the odds of mortality in moderate versus mild head injury based on GCS.\n\nConclusion: In a resource limited setting, basic trauma tools such as GCS and heart rate
can effectively MAPK inhibitor triage head injury patients, who comprise the most critically ill trauma patients. Improvements in head injury outcome require multifaceted efforts including the development of a trauma system to improve pre-hospital care. (C) 2013 Surgical Associates Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Phaeochromocytomas are catecholamine-secreting tumours of the adrenal glands and are rare in cats. Plasma metanephrine levels are widely considered the diagnostic test of choice for phaeochromocytoma in people but have not been investigated in cats. In this study plasma free normetanephrine and metanephrine levels were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography in healthy cats, sick cats with non-adrenal disease and in a cat with a suspected phaeochromocytoma. Plasma normetanephrine was significantly higher in sick cats with non-adrenal disease compared to healthy cats (P < 0.05) and markedly higher in the cat with a suspected phaeochromocytoma when compared to either group. Plasma metanephrine was not significantly different in any of the groups. This study establishes a first-line guide reference range for plasma metanephrine and
normetanephrine levels in healthy cats and cats with non-adrenal disease. These results provide rationale for further studies to establish the use of plasma click here normetanephrine levels as a potential diagnostic test for phaeochromocytoma in the cat. (C) 2009 ISFM and AS1842856 cell line AAFP. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“TC-1 cells implanted in C57BL/6 mice are a model for
evaluation of anti-tumor immunotherapy. To date there are no reports on the effect of implanted TC-1 cells upon neighboring striated muscle cells. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphology of the interaction established among the implanted cells and the striated muscle cells. The study was carried out as follows: 8 adult C57BL/6 mice received 5×10(4) cells IP. As a control, 3 mice received no cells. 10 days after cells injection, no signs of tumor are present yet, and the site of cells injection was collected for morphological studies. Samples were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Histological sections were stained with H & E, Masson trichromic method, PAS histochemistry and immunohistochemistry for cytocheratins AE1/AE3, muscle specific actin and for matrix metalloproteinase-9. Cross section diameter of muscle sections was compared among experimental and control groups. The histological evaluation showed groups of tumor cells, infiltrating the spaces among muscle fibers. Muscle fibers showed variations in the cross section diameter as well as in the staining pattern.