This conversion of vitellogenin into vitellin probably occurs due to enzyme action, as well as other processes that require more energy. Therefore, similarly to the proteins that compose the yolk, these enzymes would also be positively stained for the technique used. Positive staining for proteins in oocytes I from TG individuals suggests a more intense participation of these compounds in the physiology

of oocytes, unlike what was observed in CG individuals, in an attempt to neutralize the toxic component arising from esters and preserve the cell that originates a future individual. According to Oliveira et al. (2007), the collection and synthesis of protein components during vitellogenesis are carried out by endogenous and exogenous processes. Oocytes IV from TG individuals show smaller protein granules irregularly distributed in the periphery of selleck chemicals the oocyte, while in CG individuals, granules are larger and more spherical, suggesting the interference of esters in the mechanism of absorption and

deposition of protein yolk components. Oocytes V from TG individuals showed vacuolated areas that permeate large protein granules. Oocytes V from CG individuals had smaller protein granules and lipid droplets, which shows an attempt to isolate the toxic compound from the yolk granules already deposited. Vitellin, the main yolk protein, Histone demethylase is a glycolipoprotein molecule. Individuals

treated with esters from castor selleck chemicals llc oil showed smaller protein granules in oocytes V when compared to the CG, demonstrating the action of esters on biomolecules probably hydrolyzing and causing glycoproteins fragmentation (vitellin). Data reported by Arnosti et al. (2011b) is corroborated by this study, which demonstrated that R. sanguineus females treated with esters would have yolk synthesis and/or incorporation inhibited. In the case of polysaccharide components in oocytes at stage II from TG individuals, this inhibition was clear. According to Ricardo et al. (2007), the absorption or production of carbohydrates started in oocytes II, having pedicel cells and hemolymph as exogenous sources. In the present study, the results observed for oocytes II from TG individuals indicated that ricinoleic acid esters from castor oil acted on the hydrolysis of polysaccharides, which led to a delay in the synthesis and/or incorporation of carbohydrates observed in TG individuals. In contrast, for oocytes at stage IV of development, it was observed that TG individuals showed higher positive carbohydrate staining than CG individuals. In ticks, oocytes at stages IV and V of development were at the end of vitellogenesis, which is when the deposition of carbohydrates is performed on a larger scale (Ricardo et al., 2007).