26,27

Patients can be started on the initial dose as indicated in Table IV and gradually increased over a 10-to 14-day period to the modal therapeutic dose. If the patient has not responded to this dose by 3 to 4 weeks, one should consider increasing the dose again. When the first drug in this class is not effective, experienced clinicians will often either try to augment the response with another medication Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical or switch to another SSRI. Table IV. Currently available antidepressants and their recommended dosages. SSRI, selective serotonin reWnt inhibitor uptake inhibitor; TCA, tricyclic antidepressant; MAO I, monoamine oxidase inhibitor. *A generic formulation is available. †Approved by the Food and … In Table IV, the starting, modal therapeutic, and maximum recommended doses are listed for the approved drugs by class. Other currently approved antidepressants are available in the USA include venlaf axine, mirtazapine, bupropion,

trazodone, and nef azodone. While trazodone Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical is often used as an adjunctive medication for sleep problems associated with depression itself or with the use of the more alerting SSRIs, of these four drugs, only venlafaxine (with presumed dual neuronal reuptake inhibition) has emerged as comparable in overall use to the SSRIs. In fact, several Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical meta-analyses have pointed to increased efficacy when compared with fluoxetine, but not necessarily with other SSRIs (C. Nemeroff, personal communication).28,29 The antidepressant market remains a highly competitive one, with a number of pharmaceutical companies introducing compounds that they hope will prove to have faster onset of action, produce a more complete remission, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and reduce side-effect burden, especially weight gain and sexual dysfunction. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Escitalopram (the slngle-Isomer form of cltalopram) recently received FDA approval and duloxetlne (an SNRI [serotonin and noradrenaline

uptake inhibitor] with dual reuptake inhibition of 5-HT and NE) has also been approved. It is also important to point out that several antidepressant drugs approved in Europe and Canada (eg, tianeptine, reboxetine, milnacipran, and moclobemlde) are not approved for use In the USA. Therapeutic Interest In psychostimulants Linifanib (ABT-869) has led to studies suggesting that methylphenldate Is generally well tolerated and modestly efficacious for medically burdened depressed elders, but should only be used in the short term.30 It Is also appropriate to comment on the current status of herbal remedies for depression that currently fall outside the FDA guidelines. Although there are a number of reports pointing to the efficacy of Hypericum perforatum (Saint John’s wort) for major depression,31,32 two US trials comparing Hypericum with an SSRI and placebo have not supported this claim.