After 5 h of administration, β-LG could not be detected in the PC group, suggesting that β-LG clearance required at least 5 h to occur. In the Bov group, low concentrations of β-LG (1.08 mg ml-1) were detected in animal sera after 5 h of β-LG administration (Figure 2). Figure 2 Concentration of β-lactoglobulin in animal sera from treatment groups. Upon an intragastrically dose of β-LG, blood was collected at the indicated time points and the selleck chemical levels of β-LG in mice sera were determined by FPLC. RG-7388 in vivo The results are shown as the average of β-LG concentration detected in a pool of animal’s sera from each experimental group (N = 8 mice per group), in two independent experiments.

(NC) negative control group; (Bov) mice treated with bovicin HC5; (PC) positive control group. Oral administration of bovicin HC5 and ovalbumin induce histological and morphometric alterations in the intestine of BALB/c mice No alterations were identified in the liver and heart of animals from all the groups analyzed (data not shown). A significant decrease in the total number of spleen cells was observed in Bov and PC groups, when compared to the NC group (Figure 3). Figure 3 Comparison of the total number of splenocytes among experimental groups. Data are shown as average

± SD, from two independent experiments (N = 8 mice per group). Statistically significant differences among treatments by the Dunn’s BAY 63-2521 supplier multiple comparison test (p < 0.05) were indicated by different lowercase letters (“a” or “b”) above the error bars. (NC) negative control group; (Bov) mice treated with bovicin HC5; (PC) positive control group. The small intestine of the NC group presented a well-preserved villi and crypts, with intact intestinal layers (Figure 4A and 4D). In the Bov group, the severity of the effects varied among the animals and major alterations were observed

in the lamina propria (mild edema) and in the apical portion of the villi, with a “worst case scenario” being presented in Figure 4B and 4E. As expected, Dichloromethane dehalogenase the animals from the PC group developed intestinal inflammation, characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration, tissue destruction, epithelial exulceration, edema and congestion of the lamina propria (Figure 4C and 4F). Figure 4 Photomicrographs of longitudinal sections of small intestine of the experimental groups. Jejunum segments were collected and processed for optical microscopy analysis at the end of the experiment (day 58) (N = 8 mice per group). (NC), negative control group, figures A and D; (Bov) mice treated with bovicin HC5, figures B and E; (PC) positive control group, figures C and F. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE; left panel) or PAS/Alcian Blue (right panel). Abbreviations: L: lumen; EP: simple cuboidal epithelium; BB: brush border; V: villum; LP: lamina propria; LC: Lieberkühn crypt; Sm: submucosa; IC: inner circular muscle layer; OL: outer longitudinal muscle layer.