019), suggesting Selleckchem PU-H71 that NQO1 upregulation promotes the invasion and/or metastasis of breast cancer cells. These finding indicate that NQO1 might be useful as a poor prognostic

biomarker of breast cancer. Moreover, Buranrat et al. demonstrated a significant association between high level of NQO1 expression and short overall survival time of MM-102 solubility dmso cholangiocarcinoma patients, which raises the exciting possibility of using NQO1 as a tumor marker [14]. Additionally, an association was found by Awadallah et al. between high level of NQO1 expression and short overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients [15]. In our previous study, we found that high level of NQO1 protein significantly associated with shortened survival of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma [28]. However, the alternative hypothesis seems to be true with low NQO1 expression evaluated by IHC in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) cases predicting poor prognosis [29]. The conflicting conclusions may be due to the different study populations, which also highlights the need to evaluate the biomarkers under relevant circumstances. In the present study, univariate survival analysis revealed that tumor histological grade, clinical stage, LN metastasis, Her2 expression level and NQO1 expression status are all significantly related with DFS and10-year

OS rates of patients with breast cancer (P < 0.05). Further multivariate survival analysis showed that NQO1 expression was one of the independent prognostic factors, along with tumor clinical stage and Her2 status. FG-4592 solubility dmso Moreover, finding tumor-selective Miconazole therapies for breast cancer is of utmost importance. Our study with NQO1 protein expression in breast cancers also indicated that as an exploitable cancer target, NQO1 might improve patient management and outcome by personalized therapy. A comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanism of NQO1 involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer is essential. Conclusions In summary, NQO1 plays a key role in the progression of breast cancer, and high level of NQO1

protein is strongly associated with advanced stage, lymph node metastasis, Her2 overexpression and shortened survival of patients with breast cancer. The high proportion and prognostic value of NQO1 expression suggests that NQO1 may be a significant biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for patients with breast cancer. Acknowledgments This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Funds of China (No. 31301065) and The Projects of Research & Innovation of Jilin Youth Leader and Team (No. 20130521017JH). References 1. Stopeck AT, Brown-Glaberman U, Wong HY, Park BH, Barnato SE, Gradishar WJ, Hudis CA, Rugo HS: The role of targeted therapy and biomarkers in breast cancer treatment. Clin Exp Metastasis 2012,29(7):807–819.PubMedCrossRef 2.