As compared to Mn/Sn variation, Ni/Mn variation strongly influences the exchange bias properties www.selleckchem.com/products/azd8186.html in Ni-Mn-Sn alloys. We observed that if the Mn content is above 37 at. % in Ni-Mn-Sn alloys, the T-EB value would show a decreasing trend either

by varying the Ni or Sn content. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3610398]“
“We report our experience in long-term treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients with natalizumab (N). In November 2009 we evaluated 141 patients (126 AIFA criterion A, 15 AIFA criterion B). We paid particular attention to the treatment period and the patients follow-up; during the whole therapeutic program, they undergone to clinical and radiological evaluation for every 3 months. The compliance was optimal and we found no significant side effects. 26 patients completed the 24 monthly doses. After 24 months 51% of patients were this website free from disease activity. We found a reduction in relapses and EDSS, moreover the clinical improvement was

also confirmed by radiological examinations. Our results show that the best therapeutic results are achieved by early initiation of treatment.”
“Introduction and hypothesis Iatrogenic female urethral obstruction resulting from sling operations may be related to surgical inexperience and must be better understood. Although there are no widely recognized parameters for this type of study, a single-surgeon consecutive series offers an opportunity

to study the role of expertise in sling operations over time.

Methods This study consecutively examined 176 women who underwent an autologous fascial sling procedure. Postoperative urethral obstruction was identified by the occurrence of voiding dysfunctions. Clinically obstructed patients were invited to undergo a postoperative urodynamic evaluation after 3 months. Lapatinib chemical structure To enable comparison, patients were placed into 6-month groups according to the time of surgery.

Results A total of 159 cases were evaluated with a mean follow-up time of 32.4 +/- 13.4 months. Stress continence was cured in 97.5% of cases. Although 29 patients were identified as obstructed, only 20 underwent a postoperative urodynamic evaluation. Only five of the clinically obstructed cases showed a high P(det)Q(max). All of the other cases met one or more of the non-classic parameters linked to obstruction. Overactive bladder was present in 14 (63.6%) of the obstructed cases. Iatrogenic urethral obstruction was more common among the early cases (30.4%) than among the later ones (5%) (P<0.001). Postoperative urodynamic evaluation showed a trend toward obstruction on pressure flow studies.

Conclusions Autologous fascial sling operations require expertise and involve a clear surgical learning curve. Iatrogenic obstruction in females does not fit a single model and may be difficult to recognize.