In 4 (33%) patients the pleural effusion still recurred after discharge due to end-stage cirrhosis with massive ascites.
We conclude that the repair of the diaphragmatic defect and pleurodesis through VATS could be an alternative of transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt (TIPS) or a bridge to liver transplantation for patients with refractory hepatic hydrothorax. Pleurodesis with electrocauterization can be an alternative therapy if talc is unavailable.”
“Background: The beta-lactam antibiotic and glutamate transporter subtype 1 (GLT-1)
activator ceftriaxone prevents relapse to cocaine-seeking and inhibits morphine-induced physical dependence and tolerance in rats, but its efficacy against amphetamine-induced β-Nicotinamide behaviors is unknown.
Methods: Here, we tested the hypothesis that ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg, i.p.) GSK690693 chemical structure inhibits hyperactivity produced by acute amphetamine administration (2 mg/kg, i.p.) and sensitization of hyperactivity induced by repeated amphetamine exposure (2 mg/kg, i.p.).
For acute experiments, rats treated with ceftriaxone for 5 days were injected with amphetamine or saline on day 6.
Results: Amphetamine elicited less ambulatory and stereotypical activity in ceftriaxone-treated rats than in ceftriaxone-naive rats. For chronic experiments, rats injected with ceftriaxone or saline for 8 days were also injected with amphetamine or saline on days 6-8 and then challenged with amphetamine 5 days later. Amphetamine produced greater ambulatory and stereotypical activity Selleck LY2157299 in amphetamine-pretreated rats than in rats previously naive to amphetamine. Amphetamine challenge produced less ambulatory and stereotypical activity in rats pretreated with a combination of ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg) and amphetamine than in rats pretreated with only amphetamine.
Conclusion:
The present demonstration that ceftriaxone attenuates amphetamine-induced hyperactivity and behavioral sensitization suggests its documented efficacy against adverse cocaine and morphine effects extends to amphetamine. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was used as an additive to fabricate blended polysulfone (PSF) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. Hexanediamine was used as a crosslinking agent to react with PAA and formed an active surface with amine group. Then, an end carboxyl group methoxy polyethylene glycol (MPEG) was grafted on the membrane surface via an amidation reaction. Water contact angle measurement indicated that the surface hydrophilicity of PSF/PAA-blended membranes and MPEG-modified membranes remarkably increased. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FTIR) was used to confirm the existence of PAA in the blended membranes and the change of chemical composition. Membrane surface and cross-sectional morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscope.