Therefore, pst mutants are proposed to mimic low Pi conditions. Pi has

been found to negatively regulate the biosynthesis of antibiotics and other secondary metabolites in multiple bacterial species (reviewed in [17]). However, the complex molecular mechanisms underlying the Pi mediated regulation of secondary metabolism are not well characterised. In this study we investigate the role of the PhoBR two-component system, and Pi availability, on the regulation of antibiotic production in the Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae, Serratia sp. ATCC 39006 (Serratia 39006). Serratia 39006 synthesises the red, tripyrrole antibiotic, prodigiosin (Pig; 2-methyl-3-pentyl-6-methoxyprodigiosin) selleck screening library [18]. The natural physiological role of Pig in the producing organism may be as an antimicrobial agent [19]. In addition, Pig is of clinical interest due to the observed anticancer and immunosuppressive properties of this compound [20–22]. Serratia 39006 also produces the β-lactam antibiotic,

carbapenem (Car; 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid) [23, 24]. Both the Pig and Car biosynthetic gene clusters have been characterised (pigA-O and carA-H, respectively) [25, 26]. Production of secondary metabolites in Serratia 39006 is controlled by a hierarchial network of regulators [27]. This includes a AZD5363 chemical structure LuxIR-type quorum sensing (QS) system (SmaIR) [25, 28, 29], which allows gene expression to be regulated in response

to cell density via the production and detection of low molecular weight signal molecules [30]. In Serratia 39006, the N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) synthase SmaI produces two signalling molecules, N-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (BHL) and N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (HHL), with BHL being the major product [25]. At low cell density, SmaR acts as a transcriptional repressor of target genes [28, 29]. At high cell density, and hence high BHL/HHL levels, SmaR binds BHL/HHL, resulting in decreased DNA-binding affinity Histamine H2 receptor with a consequent alleviation of repression. QS controls secondary metabolism in Serratia 39006 via at least four other regulatory genes (carR, pigQ, pigR and rap) [28, 29]. The putative SlyA/MarR-family transcriptional regulator, Rap (regulator of antibiotic and selleck chemicals llc pigment), is an activator of Pig and Car production in Serratia 39006 [31]. Rap shares similarity with the global transcriptional regulator RovA (regulator of virulence) from Yersina spp. [32–34]. More than 20 additional genes have been shown to regulate secondary metabolism in Serratia 39006, and these are predicted to be responding to additional environmental stimuli [19, 27, 35, 36]. Previously, we demonstrated that, in Serratia 39006, mutations within genes predicted to encode homologues of the E.